Compact and Spongy Bones

The bone tissue has 2 types of differ in density......> compact and spongy

1-Compact Bone:

Compact bone consists of closely packed "osteons or haversian systems". The osteon consists of a central canal called the osteonic (haversian) canal, which is surrounded by ............

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Achilles Tendon Rupture

The achilles tendon is the big tendon at the back of the ankle. Tissue banks frequently 'harvest' this tendon from donors and it is freeze-dried and stored for transplant (eg to the knee).



Achilles Tendon Rupture:The last Image demonstrates subtle loss in contour of achilles tendon
due to traumatic tear. The upper one is of normal achilles for comparison.

X-ray of a surgically removed lung

Why is this hemithorax opaque?

• a. There is a large left pleural effusion
• b. There is a large right pneumothorax
• c. Atelectasis of the left lung because of a mucus plug
• d. Pneumonia in the left lung
• e. The left lung has been surgically removed

Correct Answer: e.The left lung has been surgically removed

Explanation
There is opacification of the left hemithorax. There is a shift of the heart and mediastinal structures (i.e. the trachea) toward the side of opacification. This eliminates pleural effusion, pneumonia and pulmonary edema as possibilities. A tension pneumothorax will displace the heart and mediastinal structures away from the side of the pneumothorax but it will not cause complete opacification of the opposite lung. In addition, there should be no lung markings visible in the hemithorax which contains the pneumothorax. If you look carefully, there is a missing rib on the left side. That indicates a thoracotomy has been performed, at which time the left lung was removed (pneumonectomy) for cancer treatment.