64 MDCT/CTA/3D Evaluation of Pancreatic Masses

Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm is an abnormal tic, spasm, or twitch of the eyelid. It is sometimes referred to as Benign Essential Blepharospasm. Focal dystonia is another phrase for this condition, which involves a involuntary muscle contraction around the eyes. The cause can be fatigue, irritant or caffeine. The symptoms can last for a few days, but commonly disappear without treatment. Severe cases can be chronic.

Besides the tic, symptoms of blepharospasm are eye dryness, excessive blinking, twitching, sensitivity to the sun and bright lights. Blepharospasm occurs spontaneously with no indicators. Patients who experience blepharospasm usually have a history of dry eyes and photo sensitivity. Other syndromes such as Meige’s syndrome have been associated with blepharospasm. Drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease have also been known to cause blepharospasm. Rarely, blepharospasms can be caused by concussions.

Transradial Puncture

About head lice infestations

Which of the following statements is true regarding head lice infestations?

• A) Females are more likely affected.
• B) Retreatment with pyrethrin is rarely needed.
• C) Head lice can live off the body up to 1 week.
• D) Low socioeconomic children are more likely affected.
• E) Dogs are a common vector for head lice.

The answer is:  ( A ).

Head lice are thought to be the most common type and are developing resistance to commonly used pediculicides. Every year, between 6 million and 12 million people in the United States, primarily children 3 to 10 years of age, are infested with head lice. Girls are at greater risk  because...........

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3- D ultrasound image WOW !!

These 3 dimensional ultrasound images show various pathologies of the urinary bladder, providing a whole new "dimension" to sonographic imaging.

3- D ultrasound image of ureterocele:
The Rt. ureterocele is seen as a small sac bulging in from the posterior wall of the bladder.


3-D ultrasound image of bladder diverticulum:
A small right sided vesical diverticulum. (UB= urinary bladder)



Vesical calculus:
This 3-D ultrasound image of a vesical calculus shows that 3-D imaging must be used in conjunction with 2-D B-mode imaging to identify pathology. This bladder calculus is difficult to distinguish from (see topmost image) ureterocele purely on 3-D ultrasound. Perhaps a cross sectional image would show the internal structure better. (All images courtesy of Ravi Kadasne, MD, UAE).

Gastric diverticulum PIC

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic scan showing a diverticulum (arrow) in the fundus of the stomach.

Gastric diverticula are uncommon.with equal distribution among men and women, and can be congenital or acquired.Areas of weakness caused by splitting of the longitudinal muscle fibres, an absence of peritoneal membrane and perforating arterioles may predispose to the formation of a diverticulum.
Patients with gastric diverticula are often asymptomatic, although they may present with dyspepsia, vomiting and abdominal pain. Complications such as ulceration, perforation, hemorrhage, torsion and malignancy are uncommon. The condition is diagnosed incidentally by radiologic or endoscopic examination. There is no specific treatment required for an asymptomatic diverticulum.
Surgical resection is recommended when the diverticulum is large, symptomatic or complicated by bleeding, perforation or malignancy. Both open and laparoscopic resection yield good results. Perioperative gastroscopy can help locate the diverticulum in difficult situations.
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