3- D ultrasound image WOW !!

These 3 dimensional ultrasound images show various pathologies of the urinary bladder, providing a whole new "dimension" to sonographic imaging.

3- D ultrasound image of ureterocele:
The Rt. ureterocele is seen as a small sac bulging in from the posterior wall of the bladder.


3-D ultrasound image of bladder diverticulum:
A small right sided vesical diverticulum. (UB= urinary bladder)


Vesical calculus:
This 3-D ultrasound image of a vesical calculus shows that 3-D imaging must be used in conjunction with 2-D B-mode imaging to identify pathology. This bladder calculus is difficult to distinguish from (see topmost image) ureterocele purely on 3-D ultrasound. Perhaps a cross sectional image would show the internal structure better. (All images courtesy of Ravi Kadasne, MD, UAE).

World’’s youngest smoker : A Chinese boy

Melbourne: A two-year-old Chinese boy is the world’’s youngest smoker. And it was Tong Liangliang’s dad who taught him how to spark up between tantrums and milky vomits.

Liangliang’s dad said his son was born with a hernia, and being too young for an operation, has taken up smoking to help him deal with the pain.
“The father wasnt aware how serious the toddler’s habit had become until the child began to increase the number of cigarettes he smoked per day,” News.com.au quoted news agency CRI as saying.
However, The Guinness Book of World Records may not accept the feat, as it has refused such requests before on the grounds that it “promoted a harmful habit”. (ANI)

Operative Surgery Vivas for the MRCS

This is a comprehensive study manual for the MRCS viva exam covering critical care, physiology, pathology, principles of surgery, anatomy and operative surgery. These topics are tested in a short exam requiring a broad knowledge base, and are provided in a clear concise format in this invaluable revision tool. The A-Z format means topics appear at random, mirroring the nature of the exam. For each operative procedure the basic principles, applied anatomy, indications and complications are discussed alongside an overview of technique. Frequently asked exam questions and practical tips for giving the fullest answer for the most marks are also included. Care has been taken to ensure compatibility with all UK syllabi, and inclusion of material required for equivalent exams internationally. An excellent source of information for use during personal study and self-testing and as a teaching aid.

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Acromegaly X-ray & Imaging Studies

This is a lateral view of a pituitary adenoma. Please note the expanded sella turcica (between the orbit on the left and the radio-dense mastoid on the right).


Radiographic features of abnormalities of the hand and wrist in a female patient aged 48 yr with an estimated disease duration of 8–10 yr. At the hand, note at terminal phalanges the enlargement of tuft and bases. At metacarpophalangeal joints, it is worth noting the widening of some articular spaces, whereas at the proximal interphalangeal joints there is narrowing of others. Note the width of some proximal phalanges resembling the presence of "beak-like" osteophytes at the level of distal interphalangeal joints and at proximal interphalangeal joints. Periarticular calcific deposits are also present. At the wrist, note the enlargement of distal radius and ulna as well as at ulnar styloid. Lateral to the radius, some "beak-like" osteophytes can be appreciated.

Radiographic features of bone proliferation at sites of tendon and ligament attachment to bone (enthesopathy) in a female patient aged 48 yr with an estimated disease duration of 8–10 yr. Note the proliferation along the posterior margin of the calcaneus. This is a proliferative enthesopathy different from the common enthesopathy occurring in other rheumatic diseases. This latter spondyloarthopathy is characterized by a primary erosive, due to local release of cytokines, and a secondary proliferative process.

Sagittal spin-echo T1-weighted MR image (420/15, 90° flip angle) of a sparsely granulated GH-producing adenoma in a 61-year-old woman. The height of the adenoma is 23 mm. The adenoma has grown in an infrasellar direction (arrows). No suprasellar component is noted.

Coronal fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR image (3,710/108, 90° flip angle) of a sparsely granulated GH-producing adenoma (large solid arrows) in a 45-year-old woman. This massive adenoma is hyperintense. Invasion of the right side of the cavernous sinus is seen with the displaced right internal carotid artery (open arrow) and the lateral wall of right side of the cavernous sinus (small solid arrows).

Human eye anatomy-diagram